Heat stroke happens and it can be prevented. When heat stress begins, it can lead to death if not properly and immediately managed. Our bodies are like cars that need water not to overheat. Hot and humid environment especially while vigorous activities can trigger heat stress. The body loses fluids and salts through perspiration as the body tries to cool itself.
What happens is eventual discomfort, loss of concentration, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness, stupor, and even death. In early heat stress, you will experience mild dizziness, fainting, fatigue, decreased concentration, confusion, loss of coordination, and thirst. At this stage, drinking lots of water is crucial. Rest in a cool place or in a shade and loosen clothing.
For heat cramps, you may experience painful spasms of arm, leg, or abdomen. There is heavy sweating and thirst. You need to loosen your clothing, drink lots of fluid, and take a rest.
Heat exhaustion begins when you begin to feel weakness, dizziness, fatigue, and impaired judgment. Your skin begins to feel moist and clammy. You may collapse. There is excessive thirst and rapid pulse. It is crucial to move the victim to a cool shaded area immediately and increase air circulation around him. If the person is conscious, allow him to drink plenty of water. Loosen or remove clothing and splash cold water on the body. If the person loses consciousness, get medical attention at once.
Heat stroke occurs suddenly. There is headache, dizziness, confusion, irrational behaviour, and coma. There is rapid breathing and the pulse becomes faster. The person’s sweating may stop or slow. He may have convulsions, nausea, and incoherent speech. Aggressive behaviour may be present.
Heat stroke is caused by sustained activity in heat, dehydration, and decreased flow of the blood to the brain and other vital organs. The risk is very high in damaging vital organs. Immediate actions should be to move the victim to a cool and shaded area, remove clothing, and use wet cloth or pour water to the victim. If conscious, have the victim drink lots of water. If shock is present, treat immediately. Prompt medical attention is required.
To prevent heat injuries, always check you environmental condition, watch your exertion level when at work or at play, dress appropriately, drink sufficient liquids and more during hot season, allow time to adjust to your environment, and make sure you are at a well-ventilated area at all times.
References:
Gilliard, D. and Gray, H. (2012). Lifetime Health Lessons. Pierre and Pierre Publishing Inc. Retrieved on April 2, 2016.
Kinro, G. (2010). When The Heat is On. Health and Home. May 2013.
Madison, O. (2015). Children and Safety. ISBN. 090377689. Retrieved on March 2, 2016.
By: Larah May Dela Rosa | Nurse II | DepED Bataan
